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How will Nations Respond to a Trump Presidency?

Eurasia Live
17 November 2016
Trump U.S. Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump attends a campaign event in Wilmington, Ohio, U.S. November 4, 2016. REUTERS/Carlo Allegri
What a Trump presidency means for other countries
For a campaign that showed remarkably little substance, Donald Trump's run to the White House has plenty of countries on edge, from friends to enemies to everyone in between. Eurasia Group's Leon Levy, Global Macro Associate, provides a quick look at some of the most important relationships the US has (had?), and what an impending Trump presidency means for them.
 
The Enemy




Russia

The biggest winner last week not named Trump. Moscow's goal has always been to undermine the legitimacy of the US elections—not because it wanted to steal the election for itself, but because it wanted to knock the US down a few pegs. It succeeded beyond its wildest dreams with the Trump election, which came as much of a surprise to them as it did to the Trump campaign. Trump is more likely to let sanctions over Ukraine lapse, and will be far more willing to give concessions to Putin that Barack Obama ever would. That's great news for Putin. Even better news? The biggest hit to US exceptionalism was delivered by Americans themselves. Now he just needs to sit back and give Trump enough rope to hang American exceptionalism all on his own. It was a good week for the Kremlin, and it's looking to be an even better four years.
 
The Friends




Europe

Europe is freaking out right now. It was already freaking out, but a Trump presidency is the cherry on its 2016 cake. The transatlantic relationship was already at its weakest point in 70 years; then came Brexit, followed by Trump. Populism is alive and well on both sides of the Atlantic. And while America may have made its decision and will live with it for the next four years, there are plenty of pitfalls coming down the pike for Europe. We still don't know what exact form the triggering of Article 50 will take. Then there are the upcoming votes—Italy's constitutional referendum, followed by French and German national elections. Any one of those breaks in a surprising way, and the hand-wringing starts anew. Italy's referendum is close, Angela Merkel should win reelection though with a much stronger and extremist Alternative fur Deutschland (AfD) in opposition, and Front National's Marine Le Pen is licking her lips in anticipation of French presidential elections. It's hard to blame her—if Americans elected a populist with nowhere near the same terrorism and migration woes that France has, the sky is the limit for Le Pen.



Mexico

Mexico—Donald Trump's enabler, from the wall to the meeting with Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto. Upon Trump's election, the Mexican Peso crashed, which was hardly surprising. NAFTA allows for any member state to unilaterally pull out of the trade agreement provided they give 6 months' notice; for all Trump's talk about NAFTA being the worst deal signed in the history of the world, suddenly walking away from NAFTA would cost the US millions of dollars and jobs, including from the people who voted for him. Still, he's poised to extract concessions from Mexico and Canada. The silver-lining? At least the decision to invite Trump during the campaign seems prescient now in addition to insane. So that's something.
 
The Frenemies



China

Beijing was already setting up alternative institutions to Washington's IMF and World Bank with its Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), so it's pretty clear it has global aspirations. And under a Trump presidency, one which actively calls for the US to do less in the world, Beijing will have more space to realize its aspirations. 
 
Prior to last week's elections, China's neighbors were increasingly wary of Beijing's growing economic strength, and were hedging towards the US as a way of counterbalancing. However, the worries started when the US failed to pass to TPP; they turned into full-blown panic when Trump—a candidate who openly questioned long-standing security treaties with countries like South Korea and Japan on the campaign trail—won the presidency. And as long as Trump pushes trade barriers and keeps up his saber-rattling rhetoric, Asian countries will be more inclined to play ball with an increasingly sane and stable (in comparison) China. 



Saudi Arabia

And then there's the Saudis, who have no idea what to make of this Trump fellow and are left with a raft of questions. Chief among them:

1) How serious was Trump about the Saudis assuming more of their own security, particularly in regards to their securing nuclear weapons?

2) Is Trump planning to tear up the Iran deal? If so, what does he plan to do after to ensure Tehran doesn't secure nuclear weapons? The only country in the world as concerned about a nuclear Iran aside from Israel and the US is Saudi Arabia, Iran's bitter rival.

3) What role does Trump want the US to play in Syria? Will he wade in further, or will he allow Russia to continue bolstering Assad, Iran's proxy in this particular battlefield?

These are all critical questions—and none will be answered definitively before Trump takes office January 20, 2017.
 
Of course, this is all early speculation. The reality is that probably Trump doesn't even know how he's going to approach these countries. His seam-of-the-pants approach to campaigning is what made him such a dangerous candidate for his opponents; if his governing style follows suit, it's what will make him so dangerous for the rest of the world.
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